Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive and sexual health problems of female patients with bipolar disorder. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire, which was prepared by the researchers based on the literature and designed to determine the reproductive and sexual health issues among the participants. Results: It was determined that the bipolar disorder group had no previous knowledge about menarche and did not menstruate regularly. Compared to the healthy controls, they also experienced more premenstrual problems, masturbated more, had more sexual partners and had more sexually transmitted diseases. Unplanned pregnancy and abortion rates reported more in bipolar group. Moreover, bipolar disorder group reported not to have mammograms and gynecological examinations as required. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that female patients with bipolar disorder had more reproductive and sexual health related problems than those healthy controls. Its effects may continue beyond the acute episodes during remission, too. Although there is no significant difference between the sexes in terms of the prevalence rates for BD, it can be said that the course of the disorder is more problematic in women. BD requires the lifelong use of protective medications; it starts in an early period of life and is of a recurrent nature. However, long-term drug use entails high risks especially for female patients 1,2. BD sufferers may be more prone to certain psychiatric disorders that lead to changes in their hormone status during their reproductive period. Furthermore, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period the use of protective medications is frequently interrupted, which constitutes a risk for the recurrence of the disorder. Women with BD refrain from becoming pregnant and may postpone their pregnancy as a result of the protective treatment they use, or their pregnancy may be terminated due to the teratogenic effect of the medications used during that period. Moreover, menstrual disorders frequently accompanying drug use may affect their fertility Cases that show a parallelism between the mood cycle Ps Experience Escort Girls the menstrual cycle are mentioned in the literature 3,4. There are also indications that the reproductive and sexual health of women with BD may be poor. Among women with BD the rate of unplanned pregnancy is Ps Experience Escort Girls 5as is the rate of sexually transmitted diseases STDs 5,6. Morevover, the use of contraceptives is low 7,8 and menstrual problems are more common in this population 9, The number of studies on this subject in the Turkish literature is quite insufficient; hence, we aimed to increase the existing knowledge. Our study was planned in order to reveal reproductive and sexual health problems of women with BD by comparing them with healthy women. While clinicians focus on the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, other problems such as physical diseases, reproductive and sexual health problems are often neglected. Ps Experience Escort Girls study emphasizes the necessity of considering physical and mental health together. The research questions are as follows: What reproductive and sexual health problems do women with BD suffer from? Is there a difference in the reproductive and sexual health outcomes between women Ps Experience Escort Girls BD and the control group? The average number of BD patients hospitalized in the last year was Nine participants refused to participate in the study; 8 participants were excluded because they were unable to complete the forms; 3 participants did not know the Turkish language; the response rate was The control group consisted of women who presented to a primary care health institution. The average number of outpatients in the last year at this primary care health institution was 10, As the researcher who collected the data of the control group NEB was working outside the institution, only participants were reached. Thirty-five participants refused to participate in the study; 9 participants were excluded because they could not complete the forms; the response rate was The data collection form consisted of five parts. Each of the questions in the questionnaire was answered in multiple-choice format. The Information Form was validated through expert opinions. The Expert Board consisted of a psychiatric nurse, a psychiatrist, a psychologist, and an academic member of staff. A pilot study was conducted with 9 women with BD and 9 healthy women who did not participate in the study. The questionnaires were finalized according to expert opinions and the results of the pilot practice. Procedure The prospective participants of each group were provided with verbal and written details regarding the study, including the choice to remove themselves from the study at any time. Written informed consent was obtained from the eventual participants. Each interview was conducted face to face and took approximately minutes. Ethical Considerations Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics board of the hospital where the study was conducted, and each participant was asked to submit a written informed consent form No: In the evaluation of the study data, in addition to descriptive statistical methods mean, standard deviation, and frequencychi-squared test was used to compare the qualitative data.
There are also indications that the reproductive and sexual health of women with BD may be poor. Am J Psychiatry ; The curative treatment is stem cell transplantation [ 1 ]. Reproductive and sexual health in women with bipolar disorder: a comparative study. Gynecological Characteristics It was determined that the BD group did not undertake self-examination for control purposes as regularly as the control group in terms of gynecological characteristics, did not have mammograms taken, did not go for gynecological examination, did not have a pap smear and suffered more from urinary incontinence problems Table 5.
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